About District Heating
District heating uses a centralised boiler installation to provide heat for a number of buildings. This can use a heat only boiler, or the heat from a combined heat and power plant.
Biomass - Energy of the Future
A boiler to burn wood fuels such as wood chips and pellets tends to be physically larger and more expensive than equivalent gas or oil boilers. This is partly as a result of the physical requirements for a high temperature combustion environment and transporting the solid fuel. As boilers get larger however the disparity with gas and oil boilers becomes comparatively smaller, and so wood fuel becomes more economically attractive, especially for installations of the scale of a few hundred kW.
Biomass solutions store solar energy - in harmony with nature. Energy from renewable resources does not generate greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming.
Biomass resources cover a wide range of products, by-products and waste streams from the forestry, agricultural and agro-forestry industries, as well as municipal and industrial waste streams. Processing biomass locally can provide enough energy to meet the demands of entire communities. In addition, it reconciles many of the socio-economic issues related to the fossil fuel energy generation that are of global concern.
Danfoss District Energy is the only supplier who offers complete solutions for district heating substations, domestic hot-water systems and automatic controls on the district energy market.
District heating makes use of these cost advantages, as well as the administrative benefits of using a single boiler installation to provide heat to a number of buildings. These might be a number of individual houses, blocks of social housing, local council offices, a school, etc.
District heating is much more common in some European countries than in the UK. In Denmark for instance district heating provides around 60% of heating. However there are now a number of successful district heating schemes in the UK, both using fossil fuels and biomass.
A typical district heating installation consists of a highly insulated "heat main" of flow and return pipes distributing hot water (or steam) past all buildings which might be connected. A junction point allows easy connection to each building, from which hot water can be taken from the main to a heat exchanger (heat substation) within each building. The heating circuit within the building is thus isolated from the heat main. Temperature measurement of the flow and return lines, plus a flow meter (together forming a heat meter), allow the actual heat usage within each building, or even apartment, to be separately measured, and delivered heat billed for accordingly. Remote meter reading by modem, secure web interface or drive-by are all possible, as are remote diagnostics to ensure reliable operation.
In essence, any energy source can be used in a district heating system. Renewables such as biomass, solar energy and waste are becoming increasingly applied in district heating utilities either completely or as a complement to traditional fossil fuels. District heating is in other words ready for todays clean energy sources as well as those of the future.
Danfoss specialist manufacturer of boiler controls. Their extensive range of products for boiler control include: • Safety approved pressure controls, BCP, KP and RT providing accurate operation and reliable alarm and safety functions for steam and high-pressure hot water boilers and burners.
• Pressure transmitters MBS 3000 that are insensitive to pressure peaks and offer highly accurate boiler pressure monitoring and control.
• Thermostats KP and RT for precise control of the temperature on water and thermal oil boilers.
• Temperature sensors MBT 155, 5252 and 3260 for accurate and reliable monitoring of water temperature.
• Solenoid valves EV220B, EV225B, EV250B and EV310B for reliable flow control of water, air, oil and steam.
• Externally operated angle-seat valves AV210, insensitive to dirt and ideal for draining or for optimizing boiler blowdown rates to reduce the concentration of solids.
• Contactors CI6 to CI50 for reliable electrical switching and soft starters for smooth fan and pump control.
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